Those familiar with the history of
Eastern Christianity will be well aware that many of the individuals most
passionately interested in this subject are not from Orthodox families or even
from families having their roots in those parts of the world historically
associated with Orthodoxy. In the Western World, particularly in the United
States, Eastern Christianity is attracting amazing numbers of converts. In
many Orthodox parishes, the majority of the faithful are from non-Orthodox
backgrounds while in some Orthodox jurisdictions the majority of the priests
and a significant number of bishops are also of non-Eastern heritage. In
addition, many of Eastern Christianity’s most renowned scholars have been
westerners, for example, the pre-eminent Eastern liturgist, Fr. Cyril
Korolevsky, born François Charon. Indeed, converts to Orthodoxy are even
numbered among the saints. St. Elizabeth the New Martyr, older sister of the
last Tzarinna of Russia, was a German Lutheran princess prior to her marriage.
My father’s ancestors were
German Lutherans. For several generations their home was “Holy Russia.” (This
is also true of my wife’s family.) While I always found my grandparent’s Old
Country stories fascinating, it was not until I was sixteen that this interest
became a real passion. That happened after my great-grandmother’s death when I
discovered two Russian documents from 1888 at the bottom of a box of old
photographs. One was my great-grandfather’s inscription notice drafting him
into the Russian army; the other was his passport or, as this document
described itself, “An Edict of His Imperial Majesty, Alexander Alexandrovitch,
Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, Tzar of Kiev, Vladimir, Novograd,
Kazan, Astrakan, of Poland, of Siberia…i prochy, i prochy, i prochy
– and so on and so on and so on.”
For the most part, German
Lutherans living in Russia were fervent monarchists. This is reflected in an
nineteenth-century reprinting of one of the most famous Russian-German
Lutheran prayerbooks.
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Gebet fuer unsern erhabene
Kaiser Alexander III und das ganze Kaiserliche Haus
– “A Prayer for our Noble Tzar Alexander III and the entire Imperial House.”
Pages from a seventeenth-century German prayer book, Geistliche Wasserquelle
– “A Spiritual Fountain,” reprinted for the use of German Lutherans in the
Russian Empire. A Kuehn family tradition recalls that Michael Andreas Kuehn
brought a one-hundred-year-old copy of this book from his ancestral home in
Brandenburg, Prussia to County Gostynin, Poland in 1800. Title Page and Front
Piece from the only known complete North American copy of this book.
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The Coronation of Emperor
Alexander III and Empress Maria Fyodorovna, 1883 in Moscow's Cathedral of the
Dormition of the Mother of God, an oil painting by G. Becker, 1888.
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One of my grandfather’s stories
was his grandfather’s recollection of seeing Tzar Nicholas II and his
wife Alexandra Fyodorovna. This took place in Kyiv, the ancient capital of
“Rus’” and “Mother of all the Cities of Russia.” According to this story, in
the last years of the 1890s the renowned choir from their village was
requested to take part in a concert in Kyiv attended by the Imperial family
who were, according to my Grandfather, visiting Kyiv on their way to their
summer residence in Crimea. In addition to singing in this choir, while in
Kyiv this grandfather visited as much of the city as possible. This included
the magnificent ancient churches and especially the world-famous Monastery of
the Caves. However, he was especially amazed by the number of Russians with
blond hair and blue eyes who, as he was told, were the descendents of the
ancient Vikings who had founded Kyiv more than a thousand years earlier.
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Ferdinand Kuehn, born 14 May 1840,
Colony Donnersruh, County Gostynin, Poland – died 24 June 1907, age 67 years,
Esk, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Because many of our relatives
lived in the Gostynin district of Poland, (this town is located northwest of
Warsaw) they have an especially interesting connection with an earlier period
of Russian history. Although during the first decades of the nineteenth
century, this district had no resident Lutheran minister, in 1824 the Russian
government gave the ruins of a duke’s castle to the local Lutheran people,
with the order that the stones from these ruins were to be re-used to build a
Lutheran church. The castle’s main tower was the bell tower for the new
church, and one of the castle’s walls was used for the church’s east wall. The
first pastor, Rev. Karl Pasternacy, was installed in this church on 1
September 1825.
Many legends and traditions
were told about this ancient castle, one of the most fascinating going back to
the so-called “Time of Troubles” between the reign of Tzar Boris Godunov and
the time that the House of Romanov took over the throne of Russia in 1613. One
of the monarchs of this horrifyingly unsettled period was crowned in 1606 and
named Tzar Vasili IV. A few years later he was betrayed to an invading Polish
army who took him to Gostynin and imprisoned him in the local castle. Here,
according to the legend, he was tortured until he agreed to become a Roman
Catholic monk. He died a short time later. (Incidentally, the initiative of
the Archpriest Avvakum Petrovich was largely an effort to counter the
tragically confused conditions of this period of Russian history.)
http://www.upstreamvistula.org/Parishes/Gostynin.htm
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Photos of the former Gostynin
Lutheran Church taken by Mr. Howard Krushel of Edmonton, Alberta, during a
1994 visit to Poland and Volynia.
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My wife’s family also has
interesting associations with the last Tzar and Tzarinna. During the first
months of World War I all Germans living in the vicinity of Russia’s Austrian
border were exiled to Siberia. However, when the Tzarist government fell early
in 1917, all were allowed to leave Siberia. By the middle of July in 1918, one
branch of my wife’s family was attempting to return to their former home. Near
the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains they met other refugees who told them
that the Bolsheviks were approaching from one direction and the White Army
from another. If they couldn't get to the city of Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk
under the Communists) they would be caught in the middle of a battlefield.
Somehow they did make it to safety and eventually got back to their homes in
Volynia. Years later they realized that they were only a couple of hour's walk
from where the Imperial family was murdered.
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5. Picture of Mr. and Mrs. Stubel
and links to new cathedral at Ekaterinburg.
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One of my wife’s aunts owned a
spoon used by Czar Nicholas. Around the turn of the century this aunt’s
father, a Mr. Friedrich Buth, was a soldier in the Russian army serving in a
battalion that was reviewed by the Czar. After the inspection, the Czar joined
the officers for a meal. When the dinner was over Mr. Buth cleared the table.
When he got to the Czar’s place, he picked up the teaspoon Czar Nicholas had
used and slipped it into his pocket. It now belongs to his granddaughter.
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Friedrich Buth in the
Russian army, 1898, age 23.
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Wedding photo of Friedrich
and Regina Buth, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 11 June 1905, page 19, “…And They Built
an Altar”: The History and Heritage of the Brokenhead Lutheran Community,
Felix G. Kuehn, 1983.
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There is one picture of our
family – or at least part of it - on the Internet, taken in February 2003 when
the Patriarch of the Ukrainian Catholic Church visited Canada and Manitoba.
Unfortunately, our oldest son Nathan, and our only daughter Rachel, are not in
this picture. Patriarch Lubomyr Cardinal Husar is the gentleman with the white
beard. I am the one with the grey beard and beside me is my wife, Linda, nee
Otto. The two boys are our sons, Karl-Michael and Nicholas. Behind us is a
friend of our family, Walter Dudych and (only partially visible) our the
Auxiliary Bishop of Winnipeg, Kyr David Motiuk. In this picture we are
presenting Patriarch Husar with a bishop’s walking stick that Nicholas and I
made for him. (In Ukrainian it is called a "posokh.") By the
strangest of co-incidents, His Beatitude had left his own walking stick in
Rome and during the first part of his visit here had to use Bishop David’s.
(If you look closely you can see Mr. Dudych holding Bishop David's posokh.)
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Members of the Kuehn family
present Patriarch Lubomyr Husar with a bishop’s walking stick, (in Ukrainian a
"posokh") Sunday, 9 February 2003, Holy Eucharist Ukrainian
Catholic Parish Hall, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
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The Walking Stick
The golden medal set into the top
of this Walking Stick is the official medal commemorating the 1984 Papal Visit
to Canada minted by the Lombardo Mint under authorization of the Canadian
Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Links to Winnipeg Archeparchy and
Kyiv Patriarchal site – text of "Two Patriarchal Guarantees" from Progress. http://www.archeparchy.ca
A Word of Thanks
This is also the
place to express my thanks to several people who have made this website
possible. At the top of the list is my sister Cheryl Scharf, this site’s
Webmaster. Brendan Schacht of Art Book Bindery did much of the scanning. David
Everett of David Everett Photography also did some of the scanning and is
responsible for creating the homepage photograph and taking the pictures of
the posokh. Special thanks to my wife, Linda, and our children, Nathan,
Rachel, Karl-Michael and Nicholas who assisted in various ways, especially by
their encouragement. Without the assistance and guidance of all these
wonderful people this undertaking would have been an impossibility.
◊ Gallery
One - A Witness to The Elect
◊ Gallery
Two - When the Wall Opens Again - Past Tragedy - Future Glory
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Gallery
Three - The Saviour and The Gospels: Christ, The Mother of God, and The Cross
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Gallery Four - Fathers and
Saints of the Universal Church
◊ Gallery
Five - Saints and Historians of the Church of Ancient Rus'
◊ Gallery
Six - Metropolitans, Confessors and Patriarchs of the Ukrainian and Russian
Church
◊ Gallery
Seven - Popes and Patriarchs
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Gallery
Eight - Churches
◊ Gallery
Nine - Texts
◊ Gallery
Ten - Free Designs