On the outer shores of Scotland
lies the Isle of Lewis. In the early 1800’s this area; as well as
many other large areas of Scotland,
was ruled by Norway.
This could help explain the tales of how intricately carved pieces of walrus
ivory that formed 93 artistic chess playing pieces; now known as Lewis
chessmen, were created in Norway and found on the shores of the Isle of
Lewis. They were likely crafted in Norway
about AD 115-1200. It is a belief that the collection of pieces, which
made up 4 distinct sets, were lost or stolen during a voyage from Norway
to some wealthy Norsemen in Ireland.
All of the pieces are carving of people, with
the exception of the pawns. They are figured after gravestones. The
Knights are mounted on the horses with spears in hand ready for battle, not
just the horse as we typically see with many other styles of chess sets
including the tournament style Staunton Chess sets. Most of the
figures had saddened or ‘glum’ expressions with the exception of the rooks
that had an almost ‘crazed’ look in their eyes. Traces
of red stain still present when the pieces were found indicated that perhaps
they used red and white to distinguish the two sides rather than the typical
black and white we see today.
While there are many tales of how the 93 pieces
ended up in the sandbanks of the Big Uig on the western side of the Isle of
Lewis - the current disputes are where these original 93 pieces are now on
display. During 1831 the 93 pieces were put on display by the Society
of Antiquaries of Scotland,
and 10 pieces purchased privately but Kirkpatrick Sharpe, who later uncovered
an additional bishop bringing his collection to 11 pieces. These were
sold in 1888 and sold again putting them back in the hands of the Society of
Antiquaries of Scotland who donated them to the National Museum of Scotland. The
other 82 pieces were purchased for display the BritishMuseum
of London.
Many argue that the set should not be split up and specifically that the
majority of pieces should be by the Scottish museum not the English.
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